Challenges in The Odyssey Essay - 742 Words

Challenges in The Odyssey There are many challenges throughout the Odyssey the most significant being his arrogance that Odysseus must overcome in order to reach home. In book 9, beginning with line 113 Odysseus and his men begin a journey in the land of the Kyklops. This set of challenges for Odysseus shows the reader the battle between arrogance and wisdom within Odysseus. The choices that Odysseus makes during this portion of his journey home will help him to realize his arrogance and the downfalls of yielding to it, which he must overcome to regain his kingdom and property from the suitors. When Odysseus first decides to explore the nearby island he makes a wise decision to take only his own ship and company. The reason he†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, Odysseus show his arrogance when he ignores the advice of his men to take the plunder and leave but instead opts to stay and wait for the caveman to return home to test the owners hospitality. Odysseus makes a costly mistake in his decision, a ll of the evidence he sees in the cave points to a savage and uncivil being, but Odysseus, in his arrogance, elects to wait for the cavemans return anyway. A reader could use these instances to support a theory that it is better to quit while youre ahead. Starting in line 273 when the Kyklops sees Odysseus and his men. The one eyed giant is curios at first as to who they are. He begins in line 274 by asking strangers who are you? And where from? Odysseus responds to the questions of the one eyed giant by describing in great detail where they are from and who they are but becomes arrogant in the end of his description by instructing the Kyklops on what is acceptable behavior according to Zeus. Polyphemus, the one-eyed giant, responds by insulting Odysseus by calling him a ninny. This is a sign of arrogance and disrespect because of the brave and heroic things Odysseus did in the Trojan War. By insulting Odysseus and disregarding without thought of the statement made by Odysseus conc erning the care of the Gods courtesy. Polyphemus portrays two characteristics of his personality; bruteShow MoreRelatedThe Characters Of Challenges In The Odyssey By Homer739 Words   |  3 PagesLife has many challenges and obstacles for everyone, heroes or not. The Odyssey by Homer is about a man named Odysseus who goes on a journey to many lands over the course of 20 years. He experiences a variety of challenges but manages to get through them all and reach his overall goal. Odysseus has the same emotions as any other human does, he gets sad, angry, happy, etc. He has a family,and with almost every family, there is drama, but they will always come back togeth and reunite. He has to dealRead MoreOdysseus Hero Essay1043 Words   |  5 Pagesorder to achieve. The book The Odyssey written by Homer reveals a story of a true hero. 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In â€Å"The Odyssey† by Homer, Odysseus experiences significant events on his journey home to Ithaca which includes Entering the Unknown;Read MoreLiterary Criticism Of The Odyssey1604 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment Task 1: Essay on The Odyssey The Odyssey by Homer was written during around 700 B.C and it is the second-oldest extant work of Western literature. The Odyssey is an epic poem and can be understood through the lens of archetypal criticism which explores themes that are based on heroism and the protagonist Odysseus is an epic hero who undergoes a ten-year journey to return to Ithaca. Northrop Frye explains the value of archetypal literary criticism in helping modern readers appreciate theRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey1533 Words   |  7 Pagestoo† (I, 1, 12). From the very beginning, Homer shows his intention for themes of The Odyssey to be applicable in the modern age and essentially â€Å"sing for our time† (I, 12). Homer’s epic provides the ideal reflection upon the very definition of heroism because it details the strenuous journey of Odysseus, a crafty hero whose key priority is to return home to his family. As one of the most prominent themes, The Odyssey carries forth the idea of heroism through the portrayal of Odysseus, and establishesRead More herody The Imperfect Hero of Homers Odyssey Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesThe Imperfect Hero of The Odyssey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In literature, a bold character or hero is often the principle character. In the epic poem The Odyssey there are many immortals, but only one hero, Odysseus. The differences between the immortals and the hero are few. The god-like Odysseus is plagued with the human weaknesses of pettiness, self-doubt, and dependence on the pity of others. Odysseus reveals his pettiness when he amuses himself with humorous guile. 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In the â€Å"Odyssey,† Homer writes an epic that reflects many stages from Joseph Campbell’s monomyth. The author includes many key points involving a true â€Å"Hero’s Journey,† but the main ones that are illustratedRead MoreEssay about Life in Homers Odyssey1222 Words   |  5 Pages The Odyssey:nbsp; Lifenbsp; nbsp; Odyssey a long series of wanderings filled with notable experience and hardships, or in other words the journey of life. Homers The Odyssey is an epic poem telling of one mans journey. Odysseus, the chosen traveler of this Odyssey, represents the will and perseverance of all humanity. Odysseus journey symbolizes the true toils of mankinds development through, agility, doubt, and faith. In life, agility is needed time and time again, to get out ofRead MoreAs I Lay Dying and The Odyssey: Books of Epic Quests with Incredible Odds805 Words   |  4 Pages As I lay Dying and the Odyssey As I lay dying and the Odyssey can both be considered books of epic quests with incredible odds. Faulkner takes the title of As I Lay Dying from a line spoken in the Odyssey by the Greek warrior Agamemnon. Agamemnon tells Odysseus when he travels to the Underworld, â€Å"As I lay dying, that woman with the dog’s eye would not close my eyes as I descended into Hades.† Both books give off extraordinary characters, with what some may call outlandish behavior, to possibly

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola was an Italian humanist,...

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola was an Italian humanist, philosopher, scholar, Neo-Platonist and writer whose main passion was the reconciliation of philosophy and religion. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola was born on the 24th of February 1463 to a wealthy and illustrious family and died on the 17th of November 1494. Being the youngest son of three boys, Giovanni Pico della Mirandola was mostly outlived by his elder brothers who took on presumably significant roles; his brother Antonio became an imperial army general while Galeotto 1 continued their father’s dynasty. Leaving behind his share of ancestral wealth and principality, he went on to become one of the world’s respected writers after fully devoting himself to studying theology and†¦show more content†¦He then changed course and went to the University of Ferrara to study philosophy. He then continued his studies from 1480 to 1482 at the University of Padua that was well known for Aristotelianism where he stu died Arabic and Hebrew. He spent the next few years visiting other humanist centers and the University of Paris which was Europe’s most significant center for scholastic theology and philosophy (Craven, 1981). Giovanni’s movement to Florence marked a big change in his life especially regarding his philosophical career. In Florence, around 1484 he met Ficino Marsilio and Lorenzo de’ Medici. Ficino, a renaissance philosopher who was about to publish translations of Plato’s works from Greek to Latin under the supervision of Lorenzo. (Edelheit, 2008). Later on he briefly moved to Perugia where he was introduced to Hebrew Kabbalah. It is this Kabbalistic doctrine he used to support Christian theology becoming the first Christian to do so. After travelling to Rome, Giovanni invited scholars from all over Europe to Rome to debate and defend his 900 theses drawn from Latin, Greek, Hebrew and Arabic writers. 13 of these were however denounced as heretical by a papal commission and prohibited assembly. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola decided to flee to France despite his apologia for the 13 theses where he was arrested. After his release he went back to settle in Florence. He settled in a villa prepared for him by Lorenzo near

Virtue Ethics Advantage Free Essays

These character traits are classified as the backbone of virtue ethics. When we look at action utilitarianism, we think of rules and our call to duty. Nothing is greater than our call to duty, and we are sentenced to perform the most pivotal option. We will write a custom essay sample on Virtue Ethics Advantage or any similar topic only for you Order Now With virtue ethics we are almost provided more eel-way if you will. Morals are taken into much more depth and consideration than with action-utilitarianism. If we look at Kantian demonology, we notice the perfect and imperfect duties. These set of rules are essentially a guideline of how us people should act and live our lives. Once again, virtue ethics allows more freedom to decide for ourselves and make exceptions to these rules. An issue that surrounds Kantian demonology is that there must be exceptions to these perfect duties. The way I look at it, we can with a virtue mindset. We are allowed to take our moral code and apply it to the situation. Overall, I believe that virtue ethics allows people to make their win decisions, and with what people should do. This again conflicts with act- utilitarianism because it believes that the decision should be based on the best result for man-kind, not just one individual. Virtue ethics, along with our morals intact, allow for persons to take into consideration for others and select an option that results in better outcome for that person. These are a few advantages believe virtue ethics offers instead of utilitarianism and demonology. How to cite Virtue Ethics Advantage, Papers

Critical Analysis of Plato’s Apology free essay sample

The ‘Apology’ is the defence speech of Socrates before the court at a trial for his life. He has been accused of deliberately corrupting the young and of non-belief in the Athenians’ gods. It is widely accepted that this is a true event, Socrates was tried, found guilty and put to death. What is not known for certain is the accuracy of Plato’s account of his defence. David Leibowitz tells us that the Greek title is ambiguous and could mean a defence speech either for or by Socrates. From this it is hard to discern if the Apology as we know it was written by Plato or Socrates, or if indeed it is Plato’s carefully edited version of Socrates actual speech. To understand and take the most from the speech we must forget the issue of authenticity. This is at least the defence speech of Plato’s Socrates and there is much to be gained from close reading of the entire text. To understand and take the most from the speech we must forget the issue of authenticity. This is at least the defence speech of Plato’s Socrates and there is much to be gained from close reading of the entire text. The ‘Apology’ covers a number of important themes and issues that are dear to Socrates and relevant to his defence. From the outset he attempts to show that he is not guilty of these crimes or at the very least if he is, it is not deliberate as the charge states and that he should not be punished but enlightened as to his mistakes (25e-26a). He discusses issues of harm done to oneself through doing harm to others, belief in gods and his own divine charge (21a-21b) amongst others but he is, perhaps inevitably, pronounced guilty. This pronouncement sparks the issue of death that becomes a dominant theme for the rest of the speech and the end of the speech in particular when he has been denied any alternative punishment. In the passage for analysis here the main points of discussion are death as a good or an evil, death as annihilation or death as a transmigration of the soul and briefly, some issues of justice and harm. The passage we will be focussing on is 40c-42a, his final words to the jury. As mentioned it is dominated by the theme of death but also touches on issues of harm and justice. This section opens with a confident assertion that we are â€Å"quite mistaken in supposing death to be an evil† (40c). At first glance one could be inclined to think this merely a romantic sentiment and that he moves perhaps to reassure himself that death is not the worst thing to be facing. It seems however to be much more than this. He qualifies the statement in such a way as to leave the listeners in better understanding of the deep-seated beliefs from which it comes. For once, his proof of the matter is not hard evidence as he would usually have it. Socrates, who places so much emphasis on knowing, merely believes that death cannot be a bad thing. He believes that were it bad his â€Å"sign† would have turned him away from this path (40c). Before now his sign has opposed him at moments when he would have supposedly misstepped. It protected him from mistakes that would have caused him, others, or his soul harm. More than this it opposed him if what he was doing would not have some positive effect (40c). By sharing this with us he tells us that death is not alone not a bad thing or even simply a neutral one, it is a good thing that will bring good effects. It should be noted here however that despite his valiant efforts to appear sure of himself in this regard he contradicts himself later on and shows his human doubts. Though he says that the juror’s should, like him, look forward to their own deaths and that the time had come when it was better for him personally to die(41c- 41d), at the close of his speech, as a word of farewell, he says â€Å"Well now, it is time to be off, I to die and you to live; which of us has the happier prospect is unknown to any but God. (42a)† These last words undermine the confident assertions of the first paragraph. It would appear that he is neither certain if death is generally good or if it is truly the best thing for him at this time. He tells us that death is one of two things, the first of which is annihilation or dreamless sleep (40c- 40d). Socrates supposes that anyone, private person or Great King, would have fewer days or nights more pleasant than a night of dreamless sleep. The reference to the Persian King lends emphasis to his theory in that the Persian kings were often seen as a paradigm of worldly happiness . If even a man such as this would prefer a night of dreamless sleep to most of his other days then it must surely be a very pleasant thing. Socrates ignores here the issue that this sleep would be endless, so leaving the sleeper unable to ever appreciate it in the only way humanly possible, by contrast to other nights and days. Another interesting interpretation of the king as example is raised by T. G. West. He suggests that the Persian King might prefer to be asleep than awake due to a faulty way of life. Tarrant tells us the King is a paradigm of worldly happiness but West calls him a â€Å"paradigm of someone who cares for money and his body instead of how his soul will become the best and most prudent possible† . If we accept this interpretation it would seem that Socrates is making a subtly ironic comment on the good of death, that it is merely good for someone whose life is unsatisfactory. If this is truly Socrates’ view, has he inadvertently told us that his life is unsatisfactory? If so it surely cannot be for the same reasons as a political man such as the king who has neglected the care of his soul. Throughout the speech he does present himself as a somewhat sorry figure. Though he does not care for worldly possessions it is unlikely that his poverty is an easy state of being for him, his choice of lifestyle and mission to understand the oracle also leads to the neglect of his family for which perhaps there is some guilt. Socrates is accused of religious impiety which from his defence truly does not seem to be the case. It is possible then that what has truly offended his accusers and lessens the worth of his life is Socrates’ neglect of more earthly issues. Perhaps sleep is better for this man who is so persecuted and has neglected those in his charge despite what assiduous care he has taken toward the welfare of his soul. Whether he truly meant to depict this death as a good thing or not he does present it as an end. Any life that is better cut off in this manner than continued seems a desolate one in either case. The second idea of death that Socrates presents is of movement of the soul from the body to some other place where those that have died before will also be. This idea of death is more easily believable as a positive alternative to life and Socrates himself seems a little more enthused by it. Instead of an end to life it is a continuation of life in another place without the physical body. He tells the jury he is willing to die ten times over if this account of death is the true one (41a-41b). It seems like this death would almost be a victory for him over the men of the court who have accused and convicted him. He refers to the men before him as â€Å"so-called jurors† in contrast with the â€Å"true jurors† like Minos and Triptolemus who live in the afterlife. He mentions heroes who have undergone death by unfair trial as he feels he is doing now and says it would be amusing to compare his fortunes with theirs. These sly digs at the jurors before him tell us something of Socrates thoughts on justice and harm. If he goes now to the company of these great men the greatest harm has been done by the jurors to themselves not to him. To his mind they will have corrupted their souls with the injustice of his conviction and execution. The death will not harm him as his soul and conscience are clean but there is a sense that the â€Å"so-called jurors† will not be welcomed by the dead heroes as he will be, heroes who would not punish his philosophical enquiry as they have done. There is however further self-contradiction to this idea, earlier in the text Socrates professed to have no knowledge of what comes in Hades after death, West tells us that Socrates does not believe the soul can exist outside of the body, and Socrates weakens the sense of conviction buy three times stating â€Å"as we are told† in relation to his account of life after death . So not alone does it appear that Socrates does not really know if this will all be the case, it would seem his belief in it is shaky at best. As already mentioned Socrates suggests that the jurors do themselves more harm by their malice and injustice than they do him. He believes that no harm can befall a good man in life or death and that the gods care about the fortunes of such a man (41c-41d). Socrates shows no resentment of the men who have brought him to his death because he believes it is time for him to die and be released from his distractions. He does however say that they are culpable of ill intentions as it is not for these reasons or his benefit that they want him dead. Perhaps because of the lack of justice he feels he has been shown he offers the jury another way to do justice to him and his family. The favour is unorthodox as he asks the men to do to his children exactly what he is being punished for doing to them. It is one last way of showing the court the strength of his conviction in the virtue of his own actions and beliefs. Despite the end it has brought him it is the legacy he wishes to leave to his children and the only justice he can now have at the hands of the court, which would, essentially, require them to see the error of their current judgement. These last words of Socrates’ defence are perhaps the most poignant of the ‘Apology’. Through the presentation of his convictions and, accidentally perhaps, his doubts we are given a picture of Socrates that seems more human than the gadfly who pesters reason out of people who he believes haven’t thought enough to realise they know less than they think they do. It is only human for this section of the speech to dwell so much on the issue of death, he refuses to plead for his life and instead uses death as a theme that shows the court has not defeated or hurt him. It is interesting and sad to note that death, even one that is a simple lack of consciousness is to him better than his own life, as it would be to a man who has partaken in injustice and lead a life of little virtue. As mentioned above it is perhaps a lack of care towards the traditional values of Athens and its people rather than the traditions of its faith that has brought Socrates to this point. In the world of today were we are advised to seek balance in everything we do it seems obvious that Socrates cared for his soul to the neglect of his physical life. Perhaps in this way it was his time to die. In death he no longer has to choose, his philosophy if not his soul has endured for centuries without his physical body because of the choice he made in his ‘Apology’ to die with his philosophical enquiries intact.

Security Laws in Stock Markets

How the Internet Has Changed World Culture Essays

How the Internet Has Changed World Culture Essays How the Internet Has Changed World Culture Essay How the Internet Has Changed World Culture Essay Name Instructor Course Date How the Internet Has Changed World Culture The advent of the internet was a mundane solution to a logistics problem experienced by scientists. They needed to share resources and a way to connect computers to share the resources among them presented a problem they were eager to tackle. Hence, the internet was invented to overcome this challenge. The current growth of the internet to its modern proportions was further facilitated by the World Wide Web. The web helped people access information on the internet. Since then the growth of the internet in terms of its uses has expanded exponentially, consequently influencing the world culture in numerous ways. The interconnectedness the internet offers has helped the innovation of new and varied ways of communication. This has ensured that the physical borders that existed have been sufficiently broken down. It started with email and extended to blogs and social networking platforms that have connected people. The exchange of ideologies has lead to the world being reduced to a global village. Information and opinions travel across continents faster, and the world is becoming more unified in certain aspects of life. This is exhibited by the revolutions that tool place in the Arabic world. The youth organized coups to oust dictatorial regimes via social media. The internet has changed the way people gather information. At the touch of a button, a barrage of information is available instantly. The control some institutions like governments used to have over the flow of information has been shattered by the free access to this information in the internet. Such institutions are increasingly coming under scrutiny by the public that pays for their upkeep. The release of ‘confidential’ communication by the United State government and their embassies was recently made public knowledge via WikiLeaks. This is representative of the openness that the internet has afforded the masses as far as information was concerned. Freedom of communication has its disadvantage when it comes to the persons that can access information. Unfortunately, the mechanisms put in place are inadequate to ensure content of an adult nature does not fall into minors’ hands. The proliferation of a pornographic nature has permeated our culture to the extent that sexually explicit material is the norm, not the exception. Nearly all aspects of life have been sexualized and the generation growing up now views the public display of sexual acts as acceptable rather than taboo. The sexually driven culture is evident from music to fashion to advertising. Failure to place adequate restrictions to access has led to cyber crime. Crime has evolved to cover the theft of valuable information from the internet since people’s lives are moving to become virtual. With the increased convenience offered by offering services online, institutions such as banks have moved their services to increase efficiency. The continued transactions and storage of valuable information in the internet has attracted criminals. Using clever means, the friends are able to access the information they need to steal and defraud their victims. The internet has undergone monumental changes since its conception in 1969. Unwittingly, our lives are becoming more encompassed by the web. Even simple tasks like shopping can be carried out from the convenience of the individual with respect to time and space. The internet’s possibilities are endless. The great strides today might look like the tiniest steps in a few years from now. Its further influence on world culture is a matter of future observation.

Problem question in the law of tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Problem question in the law of tort - Essay Example Cantrell is the teacher of these boys. His actions are likely to have a foreseeable effect on them. As such it is very likely that the Courts will find that he owed a duty to Jamie and Scott. However, was this duty breached? There is no mention in the scenario of any specific action that Cantrell did that caused the injuries. Perhaps he did not supervise the students sufficiently or did not give them specific instructions or ensure they had safety gear on. Alternatively, it can be argued that Cantrell’s offending actions occurred after the injuries, in failing to get the boys immediate medical help. It says in the scenario that it was only after the commotion that resulted on Scott’s mishap that he sent Kenny to call the receptionist. Perhaps it can be argued that he should have called the ambulance himself or sought professional help immediately instead of sending a student off to get colleague with just first-aid training. Whatever Cantrell’s actions were, he will be judged according to the standards of a reasonable P.E. teacher, as he was acting in this capacity when the mishaps occurred. It is true that he is a newly qualified P.E. teacher but it is unlikely that the Courts will lower the due standard of care because of this. This is apparent from Wilsher v Essex AHA2 where the Court of Appeal rejected the argument that a junior inexperienced doctor owed a lesser standard of care than a more experienced doctor. The Courts pointed out that what mattered was not the standard of care owed by a particular doctor but the standard of care required for the act which he performed. This would apply to Cantrell as well. The question that the Courts would ask is whether a reasonable P.E. teacher would have acted like Cantrell did in that situation. Even if the duty was breached Cantrell may argue that his actions or omissions did not cause the boys’ damage. The test applied by the Courts in assessing causation is the â€Å"but for† test

Compare and contrast Frankenstein movie vs book Review

Compare and contrast Frankenstein vs book - Movie Review Example Some of the major differences between the book and the movie are: This relates to the death of Caroline. The cause of her death as detailed in the novel is scarlet fever that seizes her after she nurses her beloved Elizabeth to recoup original health. In the movie the cause of death is during the process of her giving birth to William, Victor’s little brother. With Elizabeth Mary Shelley has tried to depict a celestial angel-like figure, with glow around the body and she has shining blonde hair. She is the adopted daughter if Caroline and Alphonse. In the movie Elizabeth’s appearance is entirely different. Rather, it is exactly in contrast to the conception and depiction of her beauty by the author. In the movie her appearance is ugly, with pale and brown complexion and she has curly hair. The author has chiseled a noble character, where as the movie is nowhere near it. The episode of William’s murder is entirely different. As per the book, when William was murde red, Victor was not at home. As per the movie, Victor was in Geneva when William was discovered murdered. In the book, monster had no knowledge of the art of playing g flute and it has never learned how to play it. In the movie, William reaches out to the monster while he is playing his flute. William’s murder is further complicated. ... He had to agree for the suggestion rather under coercion, but realizing the dangerous implications of his latest scientific venture, he destroys the same, just when he is about to breathe life into it. In the movie the place of the creation of the female monster is shown as his home at Geneva. The version in the novel is Victor and Clerval travel to Scotland for the intended creation of the monster. Furthermore, in the movie Clerval doesn’t die. In the novel, Clerval is murdered by the monster in Ireland and Victor is accused of killing his trusted one. The ending of the movie throws out a dramatic difference which is not part of the novel. While Victor and Elizabeth are on honeymoon, the monster attacks Elizabeth on her bed and rips her heart which is still beating, and that results in her death. Victor takes her dead body to his home in Geneva and makes desperate attempts to revive her in his laboratory. In pursuing the objective to bring her back to life, he cuts her head o ff, and sews it onto the exhumed body of Justine Moritz’, the nanny. Though the revival works, its final results prove harmful for him. None of these episodes are part of the novel. With the killing of Elizabeth, the pursuit begins and at the end of the movie the monster commits suicide by burning himself with Victor’s (his father/creator) body. There is no mention of such events in the novel. Some other minor but important variations are: Victor gets (steals) the body parts from the prison as shown in the movie, whereas the book mentions about the graveyard near the school from where he acquires the parts. The book describes about Dr. Frankenstein using the brain of a criminal for his monster, but the movie shows that is his mentor’s brain-- a brilliant scientist.

Module 5 - Case MITIGATION AND RISK REDUCTION Essay

Module 5 - Case MITIGATION AND RISK REDUCTION - Essay Example 385). Therefore, the effect of the ear on terrorism is vital in the analysis of the re-evaluation of the definition of security in the United States and reiterating the significance of a connection between threats and the institutionalization of the reactions to the perceived threats. Illegal cross-border activities are still considerable threats to the United States where on the Southwest border, the Tucson section is the main point of entry for the people who smuggle marijuana along with illegal aliens. In the last couple of years, arrests on United States territory have not necessarily reflected the approximations provided by the border patrol thus implying the threats are increasing. Information sharing and communication among the Department of Homeland Security and other agencies has increased considerably in the recent years but there are still gaps that need to be filled as far as implementing agreements between the agencies is concerned. The agencies have come up with forums that allow them to share and exchange information. Nonetheless, in the Tucson section, the agencies have not had enough coordination to make sure that the federal law enforcers maintained access to information concerning the threats and radio communications that are secure and compati ble so enhance their daily operations (Stana, 2010, p. 23). Coordination and collaboration in this areas could improve the safety of the officers and create effective law enforcement responses to the illegal activities that are increasing in this area. Coordination between agencies has been enough to allow sharing of intelligence evaluations between the different agencies as far border security threats to the lands under federal jurisdictions are concerned. These agencies need to collaborate and come up with mutual budget requests, strategies and combined operations that deal directly with these threats. Various efforts between agencies towards the implementation of provisions in the existing

Studying The Erp System Problems

Studying The Erp System Problems Hindustan Unilever Limited is Indias largest fast moving consumer goods company. The common HUL brands include Kwality Walls icecream, Knorr soups and meal makers,Lifebuoy,Lux,Pears,Breeze,Sunsilk and Dove shampoos, Vim dishwash, Lakme beauty products etc. Problems faced by the company before ERP implementation: There was an arrival of modern trade in India. Its business infrastructure and various legacy systems were unable to meet the requirement for transactions and process capabilities of the modern trade.A legacy system means the computer has been in operation for a longer time and so its functions. Hindustan Unilever was not able to streamline its business operation. There was a need of much more smooth flow of information. HUL was facing a challenge of ensuring the optimization of business to have solutions to changing market needs.Company was also facing the challenge of reducing its stock replenishment cycle. Need for ERP implementation: To optimize business process and simplify IT management. 2. Consolidation of process is necessary.This must be done internally as well as across the value chain. 3. For the preservation of investment related to legacy inventory and cash-to-order management system.Cash to order management system is for the business partners. 4. Integrate with business partners IT infrastructure quickly and seamlessly. 5. To improve information sharing with partners even if they are not using SAPs solution. 6 .Increasing Supply Chain efficiency through process centric collaboration across the enterprise-internally and externally. 7. Enhancing the value of legacy system. 8. ERP system was also needed to ensure the distribution of goods at the right time at right places In this period of modern trade one needs to deliver a service level that is higher than what the industry provides right now and their supply chain has to be such that it is superior to its competitors. Their older version of ERP system was such that it was not able to meet these needs.Hence they were in search of a system which would help in catering like meeting future transactions of modern trade. HUL also realized that good communication skills and tight communication links was necessary for the optimization of its business and achieving higher efficiency of their supply chain . However, ensuring good connectivity between HULs IT system with its distributors was not an easy. Earlier the company was using an e-business system which was developed inhouse. This was to manage the processes of replenishment and order fulfilment. This was done by exchanging inventory and sales data between itself and their distributors. Synchronization was also necessary. But because their customers had multiple, different systems of their own, integrating their system with those customers to and ensuring smooth data exchange was a challenging task for them . Furthermore, the module of the E-Business system was customized..So as their business experienced growth, there were problems managing themselves with changing business needs. HUL has developed a standard distributor management system in a distributed general trade environment. If one wants the extended supply chain to be covered, the operations of the distributor needs to be integrated tightly with its internal Enterprise resource planning solutions .The system is functioning quite good, Hindustan Unilever Limited wants to its investment t be preserved in this area. Therefore the new ERP application must be able to integrate itself with this back-office application, so that the company can continue to use its borrowed money well or leverage and maximise this into the future. ERP IMPLEMENTATION It was in 2004 when HUL decided to renovate its IT system with SAP. By utilizing SAP as their provider of standard IT solutions , utilizing its enterprise which is full of different features, solutions and it fine experience in the consumer goods industry,thy will be able to execute their global transformation strategy. This strategy was aimed at streamlining and standardising the business processes across all its operations including global operations.It was to accelerate their transformation of business and simplify their IT department. The deal for HUL was SAP NetWeaver Process Integration (SAP NetWeaver PI) which enabled process-centric collaboration internally and across HULs extended value chain. SAP NetWeaver PI facilitated communication and an transfer of info between different applications together or multiple applications irrespective of whether it is an SAP or non-SAP solution. Why SAP implementation? It supported wide range of integrated Advanced Business Application Programmiing(ABAP) and SAP applications which are based on Java used throughout Hindustan Unilever Provided opportunity to drive new enhanced change and transport system functionality of SAP Solution Manager Phase 1 of HULs SAP implementation It was in Sept 2007. It was marked with the end of its legacy ERP and its e-business systems. The solutions which were deployed included SAP ERP Central Component (SAP ECC), SAP NetWeaver PI, SAP NetWeaver Business Intelligence (SAP NetWeaver BI), SAP NetWeaverComposition Environment (SAP NetWeaver CE), SAP NetWeaver Portal, SAP Solution Manager and SAP Supply Chain Management (SAP SCM). The most important thing for them is that by implementing SAP NetWeaver platform, they are fit to consolidate and exchange data which is critical for business across their internal processes and also externally with their partners,their various suppliers and different partners too. For eg, HUL is now able to retain or hold back its investment in Central Unify and Unify which is also their aim.It is possible due to SAP NetWeaver PI. It is due to this software that integration of the the legacy inventory and order-to-cash management system is now possible with the rest of the SAP-based system. SAP NetWeaver Portal is another SAP NetWeaver component that HUL is most impressed with , which is right now used for customer collaboration. Integration of HULs IT system with its distributors IT systems is now possible by replacing its e-business system with this portal. This therefore results in the replenishment and order fulfilment process. With SAP NetWeaver PI, we have finally streamlining, advancement and integration of their process capability hs finally become possible because of their SAP NetWeaver PI. This also has resulted in the enhancement of HULs ability in meeting modern trades demand. Phase 2 of SAP implementation: Includes implementation of SAP Customer Relationship Management, SAP Transportation Planning and Vehicle Scheduling, SAP Advanced Planning Optimisation Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling. Manufacturing/Production software: The Distribution Module of MFG / PRO offers users Functionality in the areas of Purchase, Inventory, Sales and Distribution, Configured Products and SCM are offered in the Distribution Module of MFG/PRO. MFG/PRO Distribution This software is useful in the following areas : Ø Purchase Ø Quotations of sales Ø Orders of sales and Invoices Ø Inventory Physical Inventory Ø Analysis of sales Ø Configured Products Ø Enterprise Material Transfer and Enterprise Operations Plan MFG/PRO Financial Services It includes General Ledger, Accounts Receivable , Accounts Payable, Multiple Currency, CostManagement, Cash Management , Fixed Assets , Global Tax Management Benefits of MFG/PRO 1.There are highly qualified team members with advanced technical skills and they also possess international exposure. 2.Team scalability is as per the business requirements 3.For ensuring that the expectations are met on time and within budget,a tactical methodology is followed. 4. Fluctuation in manpower is low. 5. Customer satis and nightfaction level is at its peak as the helpdesk is open for the whole day and night. 6. Economical Benefits are considerable. MFG-PRO Process : Step-1: The first step is getting the orderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. a. One gets the order online. b. All orders are consolidated from website to excel sheet c. The excel sheet is then send to the Operations Department d. Material Requirement Planning is then done in MFG/PRO Calculation how much inventory is in the stock how much inventory is required will be done by MFG/PRO Step -2 : Step 2 includes management of raw materials Supplier is informed about the quantity of raw materials to be supplied ordering is done here) Raw material is then received from supplier. Goods Receipt Report(GRR) is then prepared by MFG/PRO. Step 3 Qulity Control is done here Material is then transferred to the Quality Control Department: Different stages are (1) Q.C. Pending (2) Q.C. Accepted (3) Q.C. Rejected The one which is accepted is transferred to warehouse. One which is rejected is sent back to suppliers.MFG/PRO does the accounting entry of it. Step 4 : Also called production stage Raw Material is Transferred to Production unit. MFG/PRO prepares Production Report is prepared by MFG/PRO Daily Production is recorded Step 5 : The process reaches the dispatch stage Guidiance how much to dispatch will be done by MFG/PRO. The Remaining is stored in warehouse. 3. A mail to the customer will be sent by MFG/PRO. Step 6 : Payment to the supplier is done here : A Message to the central department is sent by MFG/PRO, after 1 week of receipt of material payment will be done centrally. The entry of it will be done by MFG/PRO when the payment is done.. Payment from Customer: After the 3 weeks of dispatch of the finished goods to customer, central department will be messaged by MFG/PRO to ask for payment from the customer. Entry will be automatically done by MFG/PRO when the customer does payment. Waste checking Manual method is followed for capturing the waste. MFG/PRO will compare Material reduced Finished Stock Increased and theri difference would be calculated as waste. Profit Calculation Profit Statement will be prepared by MFG/PRO every month. There will be comparisons of previous profit statements. PAY GINI Software Used mostly for HR department Various services provided by this Software: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Attendance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Calculation of salary à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Provident Fuud Calculations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Accounts of all Employees Customer Relationship Management: It is done through CRM software that manages various processes that the company always uses for tracking and organising its contacts with its current and future or prospective customers. Hindustan Unilever uses it to manage front end operations,backend operations,various business relationships,analysis and operational CRM. The growing information needs have to be met and the business practices have to be standardised.For HUL implemented Secondary Sales Force Automation (SSFA) Application across its redistribution stockists. Computer Manufacturing Company (CMC) has already implemented the Dealership Management Application Software for HUL distributors as part of earlier engagement. Connection between the redistribution stockists with the central database takes place through Internet-based network for online interaction on orders, information sharing,dispatches and monitoring. Companys Existing Scenario : Their existing environment consists of SAP ERP application , SAP NetWeaver ® Exchange Infrastructure Component , SAP NetWeaver Business Intelligence Component , SAP NetWeaver Portal component, SAP Supplier Relationship Management Application , SAP Customer Relationship Management Application. The company now enjoys 70% speedier transports for non-ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) software Greater degree of automation and accuracy Elimination of disruptions and mistakes almost completely in ABAP and non-ABAP change transports Reduction in costs through reduced dependency on specialists which possess specialist skills Third-Party Integration à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Database: Oracle à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hardware: IBM HUL Before ERP There were 1,000 suppliers and 7,000 stockiest in over one million retail outlets.HUL has 100 factories, 121 warehouse depots, 13 sale branches and 93 third-party manufacturing sites. It has 23 central offices, two research centers . CF agents used to Planning of distribution was done by CF agents based on the demand which was raised by stockists. 60-90 days credit for the goods were given to C F agets and stockists. In 1995, 44% was the HULs net current assets as a percentage of capital employed, and inventory was 20% of divisional turnover for detergent and for personal products it was 24% divisional turnover. HUL after ERP HLL previously had a stock replenishment cycle time of two weeks after ERP implementation, it came down by three and half days, which translates into substantial savings in inventory costs. After ERP current assets as a percentage of capital employed was down to 8 percent, and inventory in key divisions was down to 5-6% of turnover. In the case of detergent,the stock level decreased to less than 3 weeks of sale from 6 weeks of sale. Finish goods stock level at distribution decreased from three weeks to one week. The stockists of HUL who were habituated to get 60-90 days of credit from HUL are now offered a special discount if the payment is in advance. As a result, orders are placed by stockists only for those stocks that can be replenished quickly. The channel inventory has drastically reduced in the entire network.

The Destructive Effects of the Vietnam War Essay example -- Vietnam Wa

The Destructive Effects of the Vietnam War The destructive effects of the US war in Vietnam encompass not only a body count, but also the festering intellectual wound of a war that could not be satisfactorily explained away. The battles of Vietnam, in particular, seemed an affront to conventional understandings of ‘American culture’, military power, the limits of technology, the very possibility to control, and the causes of wartime atrocity. This deeply unsettling part of the Vietnam experiences the US endured revolve, at least to a degree, around the division between the inside and outside. The inside going into the war, from the US perspective, was an ‘American culture’ with ‘American values’, entailing an entire worldview with attendant sets of behaviors considered domestic. The outside was, of course, the radically alien junglescape populated with in-credible enemies, ‘shifty’ and ‘dangerous’ peasants, and untamable environmental hazards to boot. Apoca lypse Now works from a context fixated on the terms of inside and outside for analysis of the battles of the Vietnam War to question these categories by a strategic challenge to both totalizing theories’ explanatory power with elements of layered complexity. Of the post-war 1970’s commentary and reflection on the Vietnam war, the anti-war and rather pacifist afterglow of wartime activists offered perhaps the clearest analysis of the tragedy of the war and its atrocities: the problems are deeply internal to American culture. The 1978 film The Deer Hunter addresses the issue head on, with the Washington Post review opening, As the world moves down the various roads that converge at apocalypse, the ultimate issue becomes life itself, transcending politics or ideology... ...e before the theoretical, where place cannot exist because there is not yet a relation formed to tell the experience where it is. In the bright flames of a reality with uncertain connection to simplistic theories of division of place, the credits roll as the forest and dichotomy of place explode and burn away. Works Cited Apocalypse Now. Dir. Francis Ford Coppola. Miramax, 1979. Bonds, Ray. The Vietnam War. New York: Crown, 1979. Hornbacker, Robert Allen. Real Ultimate Power. 2002. UCLA. 1 March. 2002. http://www.bol.ucla.edu/~rahjr79/ Kroll, Jack. â€Å"Life or Death Gambles.† Newsweek 11 December, 1978: 113+. Matthews, Jay. â€Å"Chinese Assert Viets have Been ‘Taught Lesson’.† The Washington Post 4 March, 1979, A1+. Price, Bem. â€Å"They Fought In Vietnam with One Hand Tied Behind Their Backs.† U.S. News & World Report 30 June, 1975: 41+.